Monday, August 24, 2020

Sourcing in Purchasing

The below information is  explaining the system logic on how the source is defined and determined.

Overview                           

1.General Information
2.Source Determination Hierarchy
3.Manual vs Automatic Source determination

1. General Information

The purpose of Source Determination is to make it possible for a Purchase Requisition to be assigned a Source of Supply.

  If a possible source for a requested material exists in the system, we can:

Ø  let the system find and assign the source to the requisition automatically

or  

Ø  select from a list of possible sources during manual Purchase Requisition creation in transaction ME51N .          

2. Source Determination Hierarchy

The system assigns requisitions and purchase orders on the basis of the following sourcing information:
The Source determination hierarchy is as follows:

§  Quota arrangement  

The quota arrangement specifies the portion of the total requirement of a material that is to be assigned to a specific source over a certain period.

The system assigns a quota rating to each source of supply. The quota rating is calculated as follows:

Quota rating = QuotaAllocatedQuantity + QuotaBaseQuantity/Quota

-Quota-allocated quantity

= Total quantity from all purchase requisitions, purchase orders, release orders, and scheduling agreement schedules allocated to a given source of supply. (The quantities of quota-allocated planned orders are also taken into account.)

Quota base quantity

= Quantity used to control the quota arrangement when new sources of supply are included.

-Quota

= A number specifying which portion of a total requirement should be obtained from a certain source.

The source with the lowest quota rating represents the valid source, even if it has a quota rating of 0 (that is, the quota-allocated quantity and the quota base quantity have the value 0). If more than one source of supply has a quota rating of 0, the item with the highest quota is the valid source of supply. 

According to the formula, the following applies: The higher the quota, the lower the quota rating and the higher the likelihood that the relevant source will be determined as the valid source.


·       Source List

In the source list, you specify which source of supply is valid for a certain period. A "source" may be a vendor, a supplying plant, an outline agreement, or an info record..  You can define a preferred source of a material (for example, a vendor) as "fixed". The system will then suggest this source from the source list.


·       Outline Agreement

Existing outline agreements represent possible sources for a material. If a requisition is assigned to an outline agreement, the system can generate a release order or scheduling agreement delivery schedule on the basis of the terms and conditions of the outline agreement.  

·       Info record

If a purchasing info record exists for the requested material, it also represents a possible source of supply. The prices and conditions in the info record are suggested when you create an order with reference to the assigned requisition.

Regular vendor flag in Info record

Specifies that the material is to be procured from this vendor at client level, i.e. for the entire corporate group.

Ø  if you set this indicator, the regular vendor is suggested as the only source.

Ø  If you wish to work with the source determination facility for purchasing documents, it makes sense not to set the indicator so that the system suggests all available sources, not just the regular vendor.

Ø  If you try to enter a different vendor than the regular vendor in the source list or quota arrangement, the system will issue a warning message.

Ø  If the regular vendor should be considered by the system there must also be a flag set in the customizing (Purchasing -> Source Determination -> Define Regular Vendor).

Important Note : Once a valid Source of Supply is found the system will stop searching.  In the colde (Field Erfolg = X  where Erfolg is the German for Success).

3. Manual vs Automatic Source determination

Purchase Requisition Creation Indicator (EBAN-ESTKZ) determines the Source Hierarchy. This is checked in the Purchase Requisition.

Path: ME52/3N -> Select Item - GoTo – Statistics – General Administrative data – Creation Indicator

·       Manual Source Determination  

  Creation Indicator: R

 Quota Arrangement

 Source List

 Outline Agreement  (List Proposed)

 Info Record             (List Proposed)

 Regular Vendor 

                  

·        Automatic Source Determination

 MRP, SD, PP, PS etc..

 Creation Indicators B, V, F

 Quota Arrangement and Source list only!

The required prerequisites for the automatic source determination in the requirements planning are as follows:

Ø  A valid source list entry for this material

Ø   If the source list contains more than one valid entry, NONE of these entries is taken into account up to and including Release 4.0B.

Ø  The 'Source list usage in materials planning and control' indicator must be set to '1' or '2' ('2' if delivery schedules are meant to be generated).

Ø    If you have an outline agreement with special procurement (for example, subcontracting or consignment), you must have entered the corresponding special procurement key in the material master of the corresponding material.

Exceptions to the Automatic Source Determination rule:

Please use the above as the general rule for Automatic Source determination, but for SD, PP, and PS there is a special case.

Ø  If a Quota Arrangement or Source List is not found then the system will search for an Outline Agreement.

Ø  only if one Outline Agreement exists will it be set as a Source of Supply, if more than one is found then Source Determination fails.

Ø  If no single Outline Agreement is found the system searches for a single Info Record.

Ø  if more are found Source Determination fails as it can not choose between them.

Ø  This  is considered a special case as it is very rare for a single Outline Agreement or Info Record to exist for a material, so generally the Source Determination will stop after Quota Arrangement and Source List.

 

 

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